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Written by Navneet Kaur, M.Sc. Nutrition & Dietetics
Diet
Digestive enzymes play a vital role in breaking down food into nutrients that the body can absorb. Understanding their function is key to optimizing digestion and overall health.
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There are three main types of digestive enzymes: amylases for carbohydrates, proteases for proteins, and lipases for fats. Each type targets specific nutrients.
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Salivary amylase, produced in the mouth, begins the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into smaller sugars like maltose.
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In the stomach, gastric proteases, such as pepsin, break down proteins into smaller peptides, preparing them for further digestion in the small intestine.
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The pancreas secretes various digestive enzymes, including pancreatic amylase for carbohydrates, trypsin and chymotrypsin for proteins, and lipase for fats.
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Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, contains bile salts that aid in the emulsification and digestion of fats by lipases.
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Within the small intestine, enzymes like lactase, sucrase, and maltase further break down carbohydrates into simple sugars for absorption.
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Once broken down into smaller molecules, nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed through the intestinal lining into the bloodstream.
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Deficiencies in digestive enzymes can lead to malabsorption issues, causing symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhoea, as seen in conditions such as lactose intolerance or pancreatic insufficiency.
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Digestive enzymes are essential for breaking down food into nutrients that the body can use for energy and repair. By understanding their role and supporting digestion, we can promote optimal health and well-being.
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