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Written by Navneet Kaur, M.Sc. Nutrition & Dietetics

Diet

Causes of Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common thyroid disorder characterized by an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This condition can be caused by various factors and can affect people of all ages. Understanding the underlying causes of hypothyroidism is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. 

Introduction

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The most prevalent cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the thyroid gland, leading to decreased hormone production. 

1.  Autoimmune Thyroiditis 

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Inadequate iodine in the diet can result in an underactive thyroid, particularly in regions where iodine intake is low. 

2.  Iodine Deficiency

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In some cases, surgical removal of the thyroid gland or radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism can inadvertently lead to hypothyroidism. 

3. Thyroid Surgery or Iodine        Treatment 

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Certain medications, such as lithium, amiodarone, etc., can interfere with thyroid function and trigger hypothyroidism. 

4. Medications

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If the neck or head is exposed to radiation, as may occur in cancer treatment, the thyroid gland can be damaged, resulting in an underactive thyroid. 

5. Radiation Therapy

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Problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which regulates thyroid hormone production, can lead to hypothyroidism. 

6. Pituitary or Hypothalamic        Dysfunction 

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Some individuals may inherit a genetic predisposition to thyroid disorders, making them more susceptible to hypothyroidism. 

7.  Genetic Factors

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Inflammatory conditions of the thyroid, such as subacute thyroiditis, can cause temporary hypothyroidism. 

8. Inflammation of the Thyroid       (Thyroiditis) 

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Some babies are born with an underactive thyroid due to genetic or developmental issues. 

9. Congenital Hypothyroidism 

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Exposure to environmental toxins or certain infections can impact thyroid function and contribute to hypothyroidism. 

10. Environmental Factors 

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Hypothyroidism can result from a variety of causes, making it essential for healthcare professionals to conduct thorough evaluations to determine the specific underlying factor in each case. Regardless of the cause, most individuals with hypothyroidism can effectively manage their condition.  

Conclusion

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