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Written by Navneet Kaur, M.Sc. Nutrition & Dietetics
Diet
Folic acid, a synthetic form of the water-soluble vitamin B9, plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While it is commonly recognized for its significance during pregnancy. As an essential nutrient, folic acid is involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and the metabolism of certain amino acids.
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Folic acid is a key player in the synthesis and repair of DNA, the genetic material in our cells. This is crucial for normal cellular function, growth, and development.
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Folic acid is essential for cell division and growth. Adequate levels of this vitamin are particularly important during periods of rapid cell division, such as during fetal development and in tissues with high turnover, like the bone marrow.
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One of the most well-known roles of folic acid is its ability to prevent neural tube defects in developing fetuses. Adequate maternal intake is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy to support proper spinal cord and brain formation.
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Folic acid is necessary for the production and maturation of red blood cells. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anaemia, characterized by the production of large and ineffective red blood cells.
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Folic acid, along with vitamins B6 and B12, helps regulate homocysteine levels in the blood. Elevated homocysteine is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Adequate levels of folic acid are linked to mental health. Low levels have been associated with an increased risk of depression, and supplementation may be beneficial in certain cases.
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Some studies suggest that sufficient folic acid intake may play a role in reducing the risk of certain cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, more research is needed to establish definitive links.
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Folic acid is essential for both male and female reproductive health. It plays a role in the formation of DNA and is crucial for the proper development of sperm. In women, it supports overall fertility.
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Beyond homocysteine regulation, folic acid is associated with cardiovascular health. It may help lower blood pressure, improve blood vessel function, and reduce inflammation.
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Folic acid deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anaemia, a condition characterized by fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Adequate folic acid intake helps prevent and treat this type of anaemia.
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Folic acid often hailed as a powerhouse B vitamin, is indispensable for various physiological functions crucial to human health. From the prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy to its role in DNA synthesis, cell division, and beyond, folic acid underscores the interconnectedness of nutrition and well-being.
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