Are you looking to improve your overall health and wellbeing? Maybe you’re trying to lose weight, gain more energy, or even extend your lifespan. If so, you’re in luck!
Intermittent fasting is a powerful tool that can help you achieve all of these goals and more. By following the easy-to-understand guide that we’ve put together for you, you’ll learn everything you need to know about this exciting and effective nutrition protocol.
From the benefits of fasting to the best ways to implement it into your daily routine, we’ve got you covered.
So why wait? Start your journey towards a healthier, happier you today by diving into our comprehensive guide to intermittent fasting!
What is Exactly Intermittent Fasting?
The ‘Intermittent Fasting’ is a way of scheduling your food intake between periods of occasional (intermittent) food abstinence (fasting) and eating windows. In recent years intermittent fasting has taken the fitness industry by storm, major credit goes to Martin Berkhan (founder of ‘Lean Gains’ website) who has promoted it as a nutrition protocol which allows to maximise fat loss, preserve lean muscle and even gain strength.
Intermittent fasting is extremely popular among fitness enthusiasts who have a busy lifestyle yet desires to stay fit and lean. But intermittent fasting is nothing new, our ancestors had to inevitably fast for extended periods during hunting and gathering food.
Fasting has also been a part of many religions: Hindus calls fasting “Vaasa” and practices it during special days or festivals, to honor their gods, Islam and Judaism have Ramadan and Yom Kippur, when it’s forbidden to eat and drink for a set period, In Catholicism, there are six weeks of fasting before Easter or before Holy Week. Hence, fasting has always been a part of human history, it is just recently researchers have begun to show its benefits for health and fat loss.
Intermittent fasting offers a host of benefits which includes appetite control, cardiovascular function, blood sugar control, increased effectiveness of chemotherapy (by allowing for higher doses more frequently), neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis (by offering protection against neurotoxins). All these things make it extremely tempting to try out and probably makes you wonder why the whole earth is not doing intermittent fasting.
Unfortunately, the majority of benefits associated with intermittent fasting are observed on the animal (rats and monkeys), not human subjects. The studies done on humans are in poor control, where the diet of non-intermittent fasting subjects is not accounted for. And the comparison is being made between subjects who are on intermittent fasting (consuming whole nutritious foods) and non-intermittent fasting subjects (consuming processed foods randomly). This sparks up an important question: ‘Whether it is intermittent fasting or consuming controlled nutritious calories, which is benefiting the health?’
Thus, there is no definitive answer to whether you should or should not incorporate intermittent fasting as a diet strategy, as the research on this is pretty young. It is more like finding your perfect grey.
You Are Already Doing Intermittent Fasting
There are many strategies for doing intermittent fasting (more on it later), but there is one which you have always been doing, it is called ‘sleep’. Yes! When you are asleep at night for hours, unless you are a person who is munching food in his sleep, you are technically fasting and probably reaping many benefits of fasting.
However, the amount of fasting period required to observe notable benefits varies from person to person. An active person might need 14-18 hours of fasting, a sedentary individual might require up to 20-24 hours of fasting.
P.S: Please do not consider it “The More, The Better” and go on for days without eating.
Intermittent fasting in a nutshell & who should NOT do it.
Essentially intermittent fasting is not eating for several hours (time may vary from 12-36 hours) and then getting all your calories from 2-4 large meals.
Why larger meals? – Because you have a smaller window of eating, you need to eat more calorie-dense meals. This makes intermittent fasting an attractive strategy for binge eaters who like to hog food instead of eating it. And these are the people who should definitely not do intermittent fasting and probably most of the other diets such as.
Keto, Carb-Cycling, etc, these people need to develop healthier nutritional habits first. If you are someone who has a healthy relationship with food, been eating nutritionally dense foods from a while and wishes to explore health and fat-burning benefits of intermittent fasting, you are in the right place.
Fasting does not mean fat loss: Calories still Count
Anecdotally speaking, I have trained numerous clients over the past few years who used to skip breakfast and directly eat in the afternoon after waking up. Technically they were fasting for 12-16 hours yet they were overweight. And after adding breakfast and a structured meal plan, most of them lost weight.
A recently published research done by a team at Oslo University Hospital in Norway compared the effects of intermittent fasting vs traditional caloric restriction for one whole year (one of the most reliable and robust studies on this subject) and found no significant difference between the two, in terms of weight loss and weight maintenance.
Hence, simply fasting won’t generate fat-loss and an array of health benefits, the quality and more importantly the number of calories you are consuming matters.
Major Benefits of Intermittent Fasting
1. Enhanced fat oxidation
Insulin and glucagon are the two hormones which are primarily into play here. Insulin acts as a nutrient transporter delivering nutrients to their targets i.e. amino acids to muscle tissues, free fatty acids to adipose tissues and glucose to mitochondria and liver (for glycogen storage).
Glucagon, on the other hand, is a nutrient extractor, it makes the liver release glucose by breaking down glycogen and forces adipose tissues to oxidise free fatty acids.
In the absence of food for extended hours (as in case of fasting) insulin levels drop down and glucagon levels rise. Once liver glycogen stores are emptied, the body begins to oxidise adipose tissues for energy requirements. This can result in elevated fat oxidation, causing slightly more fat mass reduction especially in the stubborn regions of the body.
2. Better Dietary Adherence
Perhaps the biggest issue with any fat loss diet is the ability to stick with it. On a calorie restricted diet, you are consuming less than your body’s need. And rarely people like to cut off certain foods and eat less than they used to. Intermittent fasting does not limit the types of food you can eat like in case of a Keto or Paleo diet.
Also, since you have a narrow eating window, you get to eat 2-3 big meals which do not make the mind experience the common diet fatigue. Initially, hunger pangs are pretty bad during the morning (after skipping breakfast) and late nights (after consuming an early dinner) but eventually, hormonal homeostasis settles this issue.
3. Greater Muscle Pumps and Growth
As the body is getting food at limited times, it becomes more efficient in nutrient uptake. Insulin sensitivity increases which enhance the amount of glycogen the body can store in muscle tissue, causing greater pumps during the workout (given you are consuming a moderate/high carb meal pre-workout).
Also, the ability to uptake amino acids from the bloodstream increases which may help stimulate more muscle growth.
4. More Focus & Alertness During Fasted State
This is perhaps something anecdotal, some individuals experience a greater level of mental focus and alertness while some do not. One reason could be that digestion as a process consumes a lot of energy and eating a meal rich in carbohydrates releases serotonin which gives a sense of relaxation. In a fasted state these two issues do not arise.
5. You learn the Difference Between Real Hunger & Mental Hunger
One profound benefit of intermittent fasting is that you gain the ability to distinguish between real hunger & mental hunger. Generally, when people experience hunger, it is not true physiological (body) hunger, but rather psychological (mental) hunger. The better you know the difference between the two, the better you are able to sync with your body’s true need. This prevents weight gain in the future without gauging calories all the time.
Other Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting
Reduced
- Blood lipids levels including triglycerides and LDL cholesterol
- Resting blood pressure via changes in sympathetic/parasympathetic activity.
- Inflammation in the body (including Cytokines, CRP<, IL-6, TNF, BDNF, and more)
- Development of cancer
Increased
- Cellular turnover and repair
- Growth hormone release in the later stage of fast
- Metabolic rate stimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine release
Improved
- Blood sugar levels by reducing blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity
- Cardiovascular function by offering protection against ischemic injury to the heart
- Chemotherapy effectiveness by allowing for higher doses more frequently
- Neurogenesis and Neuronal plasticity by offering protection against neurotoxins
Pro Tips for a Successful Intermittent Fasting Journey
1. Staying Hydrated
One essential aspect of intermittent fasting is staying hydrated. Dehydration can lead to various adverse effects, including headaches, fatigue, and dizziness. Hence, it is necessary to drink plenty of fluids, especially during fasting periods.
According to a study published in the International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, drinking water during fasting periods can help reduce hunger, increase satiety, and promote weight loss 1
Therefore, it is recommended to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water every day.
2. Incorporating Exercise
Regular exercise is essential for overall health and well-being. When combined with intermittent fasting, it can lead to better results in terms of weight loss and improved body composition.
According to a study published in the Journal of Translational Medicine, exercising during intermittent fasting can lead to increased fat burning, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced inflammation. 2
It is recommended to incorporate both aerobic and resistance training exercises, at least three times a week, into your routine.
3. Listening to Your Body
Intermittent fasting can be challenging, especially during the initial stages. It is essential to listen to your body and understand its limitations. Pushing yourself too hard can lead to adverse effects, including fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
According to a study published in the Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, following a flexible intermittent fasting approach that allows for adjustments in meal timing and duration can lead to better adherence and results. 3
It is crucial to identify your body’s signals and make adjustments accordingly.
4. Keeping a Journal
Keeping a journal can be a useful tool for tracking progress and identifying areas for improvement. It can help keep you motivated and accountable during your intermittent fasting journey.
According to a study published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, keeping a food diary can lead to better adherence and weight loss results. 4
It is recommended to keep a detailed record of your fasting periods, eating windows, meals, and hydration levels in a journal or a mobile app.
Different Strategies To Implement Intermittent Fasting
24 Hour Fast
This is fairly a simple strategy, you eat a balanced caloric deficit diet throughout the week and one day (preferably Sunday) you do not consume any food. For example, let’s say your daily maintenance calories is 2,500 Kcal.
Here are two ways you can distribute your weekly caloric intake:
1. Monday-Saturday: 2200 Calories i.e. 300 calories below maintenance
Sunday: Complete Fasting i.e. 2500 calories below maintenance
This is a great way of creating a larger weekly caloric deficit, in this case, it is ~4300 Calories. [ 300×6 (normal days) + 2500 (fasting day) ]
Another way can be adding a planned ‘Cheat Day’ before the ‘Fasting day’ where you consume whatever you want using ad libitum. The goal is to eat until you are full, not until you overeat and feel sick.
2. Monday-Friday: 2100 Calories i.e, 400 calories below maintenance
Saturday: ‘Cheat Day’ anything & everything under 4000 Calories
Sunday: Complete Fasting i.e. 2500 calories below maintenance
In this case, the weekly caloric deficit is ~ 3000, pretty decent, given you are able to have an entire cheat day once a week.
20:4 Intermittent Fasting
In this protocol you do not have an entire day of fasting, instead, you fast for 20 hours every day and have a 4-hour eating window. This is great for people who have low maintenance calorie requirements or for individuals aiming to get extremely lean consuming very little calories per day, as it allows you to consume 2 large meals in that short eating period.
16:8 intermittent fasting
This is probably the most famous intermittent fasting protocol on the internet popularised by Martin Berkhan, founder of ‘Lean Gains’ website. In this technique, you fast for 16 hours a day, preferably from a night before to afternoon the following day. The simplest way of employing this method of intermittent fasting is to skip breakfast and consume lunch as your first meal of the day.
Q1. Will I lose my gains if I do not eat for so long?
Ans1. Eating 5-8 meals throughout the day is a commonly accepted norm in order to stay ‘anabolic’ a state where the body maintains its positive nitrogen balance preventing muscle breakdown. However, research shows that positive nitrogen balance is a function of total protein intake (precisely amino acids) and not the number of meals you consume a day. Thus, fasting won’t make you lose your gains given your protein intake is in check.
Q2. What can I consume during the fast?
Ans2. During the fast 3-4 servings of branched-chain amino acids (10g each) can be consumed to ensure a positive nitrogen balance. Also, unsweetened green tea, black coffee, and calorie-free flavored water can be consumed. Water intake of 4-6 liters is essential during a fast for keeping your body hydrated, it also tricks your mind by keeping your stomach full (pathways for satiation and quenching thirst are the same in the brain).
Q3. What if I am not able to do intermittent fasting?
Ans3. If you decide to try intermittent fasting, do not go the ‘cold turkey’ method and start with 24 hours fast. Start slowly by adjusting regular mealtimes by an hour, then start fasting 12-14 hours and then gradually try more aggressive approaches. If it works for you ‘Superb!’ If not, do not worry intermittent fasting is not end-all, be-all of nutrition or fitness.
Summarising
- Intermittent fasting is a scheduling of food intake between periods of fasting and eating windows.
- Intermittent fasting has become popular in recent years due to its benefits, such as weight loss, increased energy levels, and longer lifespan.
- However, the benefits of intermittent fasting on humans are still being studied and not yet definitive.
- Fasting during sleep is technically intermittent fasting and can offer benefits.
- Intermittent fasting involves not eating for several hours and then getting all your calories from 2-4 large meals.
- Intermittent fasting does not limit the types of food you can eat.
- Calories still matter in intermittent fasting for fat loss.
- The benefits of intermittent fasting include enhanced fat oxidation, better dietary adherence, greater muscle pumps and growth, more focus and alertness during a fasted state, and the ability to distinguish between real and mental hunger.
- Other health benefits of intermittent fasting include reduced blood lipids levels, resting blood pressure, inflammation, and cancer development, and increased cellular turnover and repair, growth hormone release, metabolic rate, blood sugar levels, cardiovascular function, chemotherapy effectiveness, and neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity.
- Pro tips for a successful intermittent fasting journey include staying hydrated, incorporating exercise, listening to your body, and keeping a journal.
- Different strategies to implement intermittent fasting include 24-hour fasts, 20:4 intermittent fasting, and 16:8 intermittent fasting.
How should a beginner start intermittent fasting?
Fast and feast regularly: Fast for a certain number of hours, then consume all calories within a certain number of hours.
Eat normally, then fast 1-2x a week: Consume your normal meals every day, then pick one or two days a week where you fast for 24 hours.
How long should a beginner intermittent fast?
According to some researchers, fasting for 10–16 hours can cause the body to turn its fat stores into energy, which releases ketones into the bloodstream. This should encourage weight loss. This type of intermittent fasting plan may be a good option for beginners.
What is allowed and not allowed during intermittent fasting?
No food is allowed during the fasting period, but you can drink water, coffee, tea and other non-caloric beverages. Some forms of intermittent fasting allow small amounts of low-calorie foods during the fasting period. Taking supplements is generally allowed while fasting, as long as there are no calories in them.
- Mekary, R. A., Rood, J., Ishikawa-Takata, K., Kelly, N. R., & Wojtkiewicz, C. A. (2015). Water consumption and weight loss: The evidence. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 66(6), 692-698. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1075900[↩]
- Tinsley, G. M., La Bounty, N. P., & Grandjean, P. W. (2015). The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutrition Reviews, 73(10), 661-674. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv041[↩]
- Kroeger, C. M., Trepanowski, J. F., Barnosky, A., Klempel, M. C., Bhutani, S., Hoddy, K. K.,… Varady, K. A. (2019). Flexible vs. fixed: a randomized intermittent fasting trial. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2019, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2019/7862650[↩]
- Burke, L. E., Wang, J., & Sevick, M. A. (2011). Self-monitoring in weight loss: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(1), 92-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.008[↩]
